Lyudmila A. Markova
Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
The individual as the basis of the dialogical communication
Abstract. The logic of a new type, which was forming after the scientific revolution of the twentieth century, is the opposite of the classic one primarily because it does not destroy its precursor but enters with it into dialogical relations. Dialogue requires at least two logical subjects. If you are unable to cope with a new problem by means of classical logic, its solution is either postponed for the future, or it is ignored as unresolved. Non-classical logic, however, possesses its own way out. The evidence that cannot be explained is provided with a new logic, which enters into dialogue with the classics. The peculiarity of this train of thought is that the direction of thought, its orientation is aimed primarily not at the object of research but at the subject, and a turn of thinking occurs, which philosophers and sociologists often argue about in different contexts. Logic is not so much written off from reality as it emerges in the head of a scientist (philosopher, logician), though being created in different ways. One or another property is selected from reality, and on their basis, the logic of all reality is being built. Classical logic distinguishes general properties of objects and events but ignores individual features. Non-classic logic, on the contrary, highlights features that distinguish some objects from others. The peculiarity of non-classics is that it does not destroy its predecessor since it needs it as an interlocutor.
Keywords: reality, human, empirical, logic, general, individual, context, thinking, activity
DOI: 10.5840/dspl20192455
References:
- Bibler, V.S. Ot naukoucheniia – k logike kultury. Dva filosofskikh vvedeniia v dvadtsat pervyi vek [From the Science of Knowledge to the Logic of Culture: Two Philosophical Introductions into the Twenty-first Century]. Moscow: Izdatelstvo politicheskoi literatury Publ., 1991. 413 pp. (In Russian)
- Frodeman, R. Anti-Fuller: Transhumanism and the Proactionary Imperative, Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective, 2015, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 38–43.
- Fuller, S. Social Epistemology: A Quarter-Century Itinerary, Social Episte-mology, 2012, vol. 26, no. 3–4, pp. 267–283.
- Goldman, A.I. Knowledge in a Social World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2010. 407 pp.
- Heisenberg, W. Shagi za gorizont [Steps Beyond the Horizon; German: Schritte Uber Grenzen] / trans. from German.; comp. by A.V. Akhutin. Moscow: Progress Publ., 1987. 368 pp. (In Russian)
- Kasavin, I.T. Tekst. Diskurs. Kontekst. Vvedenie v sotsialnuiu epistemologiiu iazyka [Text. Discourse. Context. Introduction to the Social Epistemology of Language]. Moscow: Kanon + Publ., 2008. 437 pp. (In Russian)
- Kasavin, I.T. Viktorianskaia filosofiia nauki: Uiliam Khiuell (razmyshleniia nad knigoi) [Victorian Philosophy of Science: William Whewell (Reflections on the Book)], Voprosy filosofii [Problems of Philosophy], 2017, no. 3, pp. 63–73. (In Russian)
- Kuhn, T. Struktura nauchnykh revoliutsij [The Structure of Scientific Revolutions] / transl. from English by I.Z. Naletov. Moscow: Progress Publ., 1977. 300 pp. (In Russian)
- Latour, B. Peresborka sotsialnogo. Vvedenie v aktorno-setevuiu teoriiu [Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network Theory.] / transl. from English and ed. by S. Gavrilenko. Moscow: Izdatelskii dom Vysshei shkoly ekonomiki Publ., 2014. 384 pp. (In Russian)
- Latour, B, Woolgar, S. Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts. Prinston, N.J.: Prinston University Press.1986. 296 pp.
- Mamardashvili, M.K. Strela poznaniia. Nabrosok estestvenno-istoricheskoi gnoseologii [The Arrow of Knowledge: Sketch of Natural Historical Epistemology] / ed. by Iu.P. Senokosov. Moscow: Iazyki Russkoi kultury Publ., 1996. 305 pp. (In Russian)
- Markova, L.A. Drugaia nauka, v rezultate – novaia nauchnaia politika [Other Science, Resulting in a New Science Policy], Voprosy filosofii [Problems of Philosophy], 2017, no. 12, pp. 102–113. (In Russian)
- Markova, L.A. Materializatsiia mysli v iazyke i risunke [Materialization of Thought in Language and Painting], Voprosy filosofii [Problems of Philosophy], 2019, no. 4, pp. 34–44. DOI: 10.31857/S004287440004790-4. (In Russian)
- Markova, L. Studies in Russia and in the West, Social Epistemology, 2017, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 38–50. DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2016.1227392.
- Marx, K. Kapital [Capital. German: Das Kapital; vol. 2, book 3]. Protsess kapitalisticheskogo proizvodstva, vziatyi v tselom [The Process of Capitalist Production, Taken as a Whole], in: K. Marx, F. Engels, Sochineniia [Works], vol. 25, part 2. Moscow: Politizdat Publ., 1962. 551 pp. (In Russian)
- Palermos, O., Pritcharfd, D. External Knowledge and Social Epistemology, Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective, 2013, vol. 2, no. 8,
pp. 105– 120. - Penrose, R. Teni razuma. V poiskakh nauki o soznanii [Shadows of the Mind: A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness] / transl. from English by A.R. Logunov, N.A. Zubchenko. Moscow; Izhevsk: Institut kompiuternykh issledovanii Publ., 2005. 688 pp. (In Russian)
- Wittgenstein, L. Izbrannye raboty [Selected Works] / transl. from German and English by V. Rudnev. Moscow: Territoriia budushchego Publ., 2005. 440 pp. (In Russian)